Tromelin Island is a small, uninhabited island located in the Indian Ocean, approximately 450 kilometers east of Madagascar and 535 kilometers north of Mauritius. The island is part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands and is administered by a district of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.

The island has a total area of about 1 square kilometer and is comprised of coral and sand, with a central vegetated area. The island is surrounded by coral reefs and has no natural harbor, which makes landing on the island difficult.

Tromelin Island was first discovered by the French in 1722 and later used as a base for the exploitation of sea turtles during the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1954, France established a meteorological station on the island, which has since been abandoned. Today, the island is visited periodically by scientific expeditions and serves as an important nesting site for several species of seabirds, including red-footed boobies and sooty terns.

In recent years, the island has been the subject of a territorial dispute between France and Mauritius. Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island, arguing that it was originally settled by Mauritian slaves in the 18th century and that France took possession of the island illegally. The dispute has yet to be resolved.