Perched dramatically on a cliff high above the Atlantic Ocean, the Fort of São Miguel Arcanjo (Forte de São Miguel Arcanjo), better known as the Fort of Nazaré, is one of the most iconic landmarks on Portugal’s western coast. Overlooking the Praia do Norte (North Beach), this historic fortress has become world-famous as the viewpoint for Nazaré’s record-breaking giant waves—some of the largest ever surfed on the planet.
A blend of history, maritime heritage, and adrenaline-filled surf culture, the fort perfectly symbolizes Nazaré’s evolution from a sleepy fishing village to a global surfing hotspot.

The Fort of São Miguel Arcanjo was originally built in 1577, during the reign of King Sebastião I, to defend the coast from pirates and invaders. It was dedicated to Saint Michael the Archangel, considered a protector of sailors.
In the 18th century, the fort was expanded to include watchtowers, cannons, and defensive walls, serving as a crucial lookout over the Atlantic. By the 20th century, its military function had faded—but its commanding location remained unmatched.
Today, the fort houses a museum and surf interpretation center, preserving both the site’s historical legacy and its new identity as a mecca for big-wave surfing.

Interesting Facts
- The fort stands on Promontório do Sítio da Nazaré, a headland offering sweeping views of the town, beaches, and cliffs.
- Just offshore lies the Nazaré Canyon, a submarine gorge 5,000 meters deep, responsible for amplifying ocean swells into the giant waves that crash at Praia do Norte—some exceeding 30 meters (100 feet) in height.
- In 2011, surfer Garrett McNamara rode a 78-foot (23.8 m) wave here, putting Nazaré on the world surfing map.
- The surf museum inside the fort features surfboards and memorabilia from legendary surfers who have conquered Nazaré’s waves.
- The small chapel inside the fort, dedicated to Saint Michael, still stands as a symbol of protection for fishermen and surfers alike.
- The fort’s red-roofed lighthouse (Farol de Nazaré) is one of Portugal’s most photographed coastal icons.

Travel Tips
- Best Time to Visit: Between October and March, when the big-wave season brings surfers from around the world. Clear summer days also offer incredible ocean views.
- Getting There: The fort is located at the end of the Sítio cliff, about a 15-minute walk from the upper Nazaré viewpoint (Miradouro do Suberco). It’s accessible by foot, car, or tuk-tuk.
- What to Bring: A camera with a zoom lens for wave photography, comfortable shoes, and a jacket—the cliffside wind can be strong.
- Nearby Attractions:
Praia do Norte – The world-famous surfing beach below the fort.
Sanctuary of Our Lady of Nazaré – A pilgrimage site with deep religious history.
Nazaré Funicular – A scenic ride connecting the lower town to the upper cliffs.
Nazaré Town Center – Known for its seaside restaurants and women in traditional seven-skirt dresses.
- Photography Tip: The best wave and lighthouse shots are from the cliffside platform next to the fort or from the beach below for a dramatic upward angle.