Photo credits: National Archaeological Museum, Athens, photographers: Stephanos Stournaras, Irini Miari. 
Copyright: © Hellenic Ministry of Culture/ Hellenic Organization of Cultural Resources Development (H.O.C.RE.D.).

The National Archaeological Museum of Athens is the largest archaeological museum in Greece and one of the most important in the world. It was founded in 1829 and houses a vast collection of artifacts from ancient Greece, covering a period of more than 5,000 years, from the Neolithic period to Roman times.

The museum's collection is organized chronologically and geographically, with artifacts from different regions of Greece and different historical periods displayed in separate galleries. Some of the most notable exhibits include the Mycenaean collection, featuring treasures from the tombs of Mycenae and other sites in the Peloponnese, and the classical collection, featuring sculptures and other artifacts from the Golden Age of Athens.

Other highlights of the museum include the Egyptian collection, which includes artifacts from the Nile Valley and Egypt's Ptolemaic period, and the bronze collection, which features bronze objects from various periods, including the famous bronze statue of Poseidon from the Artemision.

The National Archaeological Museum of Athens is located in the Exarcheia neighborhood of Athens and is easily accessible by public transportation. It is open to the public six days a week, and admission fees vary depending on age and nationality. Guided tours are available in several languages, and visitors are encouraged to check the museum's website for information on special exhibitions and events.

National Archaeological Museum Athens in Greece

National Archaeological Museum Athens

The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, also known as the Egyptian Museum, is a museum located in Cairo, Egypt. It is home to a vast collection of artifacts from ancient Egypt, including mummies, jewelry, tomb artifacts, and art.

The museum was founded in 1858 by the French Egyptologist Auguste Mariette, who aimed to collect and display the country's cultural heritage. Over the years, the museum's collection has grown to over 120,000 items, with only a small portion of the collection on display due to space constraints.

One of the museum's most famous exhibits is the Tutankhamun collection, which includes the boy king's golden mask and his funerary treasures. Other notable artifacts in the museum's collection include the Narmer Palette, the statue of Khafre, and the Rosetta Stone.

In recent years, the museum has undergone renovations and expansions, with the construction of the Grand Egyptian Museum nearby. The museum continues to be a popular destination for tourists and scholars alike, showcasing the rich history and culture of ancient Egypt.

The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities in Egypt

The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities

The Pergamon Museum is one of the five museums located on Museum Island in Berlin, Germany. It houses collections of antiquities, including monumental buildings and artifacts from ancient civilizations, mainly from the Mediterranean region.

The museum's most famous exhibit is the Pergamon Altar, a massive Greek structure dating back to the 2nd century BCE. Other notable exhibits include the Market Gate of Miletus, a reconstructed monumental gateway from the Roman city of Miletus; the Ishtar Gate and the Processional Way of Babylon, which were originally built in the ancient city of Babylon and reconstructed in the museum; and the Mshatta Facade, a stunning architectural treasure from the Umayyad period.

The Pergamon Museum was designed by architect Alfred Messel and opened in 1930. During World War II, the museum was damaged by bombing and some of its exhibits were relocated to safety. After the war, restoration work began, and the museum reopened in 1959. In recent years, there has been ongoing renovation work to upgrade and modernize the museum's facilities, including a new entrance building and improved exhibition spaces. The Pergamon Museum remains a popular destination for visitors to Berlin, attracting millions of visitors each year.

Pergamon Museum

The British Museum is one of the world's oldest and largest museums, located in London, England. It was established in 1753 and opened to the public in 1759. The museum holds over eight million objects in its collection, covering human history, art, and culture from around the world, from the earliest civilizations to the present day.

Some of the highlights of the museum's collection include the Rosetta Stone, which helped scholars decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs; the Parthenon sculptures, also known as the Elgin Marbles, which are a series of marble sculptures taken from the Parthenon temple in Athens; the Sutton Hoo burial treasures, which are Anglo-Saxon artifacts dating back to the 6th and 7th centuries AD; and the Egyptian mummies and other artifacts from ancient Egypt.

The museum is organized into various departments, including Africa, Oceania and the Americas, Ancient Egypt and Sudan, Ancient Greece and Rome, Asia, Britain, Europe and Prehistory. In addition to its permanent collection, the museum also hosts a range of temporary exhibitions, lectures, and events throughout the year.

Admission to the British Museum is free, although donations are encouraged. The museum is open daily, except for some holidays. Audio guides, guided tours, and family activity packs are available for visitors.

The British Museum

Photo credits: Lugdunum museum, photographers: Laurence Danière, Michel Denancé.

The Lugdunum Museum, also known as the Museum of Gallo-Roman Civilization, is a museum dedicated to the history and culture of the ancient city of Lyon (known as Lugdunum during the Roman period) and the Gallo-Roman civilization that thrived there.

The museum is located in the Fourvière district of Lyon and occupies a modern building designed by architect Bernard Zehrfuss. It opened in 1975 and underwent a major renovation in 2016 to update its exhibits and facilities.

The collections of the Lugdunum Museum cover a wide range of topics related to the Gallo-Roman period, including religion, everyday life, art, and technology. The museum's exhibits showcase a large number of artifacts, including statues, mosaics, jewelry, coins, and tools, among others. Some of the highlights of the museum's collection include the sarcophagus of the Gaulish warrior Eplius, the monumental fountain of Fourvière, and the famous Coligny calendar, the oldest known Celtic calendar.

In addition to its permanent collection, the Lugdunum Museum also hosts temporary exhibitions and offers a range of educational and cultural programs, including guided tours, workshops, and lectures. The museum's mission is to promote the understanding and appreciation of Lyon's rich history and the important role it played in the Gallo-Roman world.

Lugdunum museum

The Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Reggio Calabria (National Archaeological Museum of Reggio Calabria) is a museum located in Reggio Calabria, Italy. It is one of the most important archaeological museums in Italy and is renowned for its collection of ancient Greek art.

The museum was founded in 1882, but it was destroyed by the 1908 Messina earthquake. It was rebuilt and reopened in 1932 in a new location, where it still stands today. The museum's collection includes artifacts from prehistoric times to the Roman period, with a particular focus on the Magna Graecia (Greater Greece) period, which saw Greek colonization of Southern Italy.

One of the museum's most notable exhibits is the Riace bronzes, two bronze statues of Greek warriors dating back to the 5th century BCE. These were discovered by a scuba diver off the coast of Riace in 1972 and are considered among the finest examples of Greek bronze sculpture in existence.

Other highlights of the museum include a large collection of ancient coins, pottery, and jewelry, as well as a reconstruction of a prehistoric village and displays on the history of the region. The museum also has a library containing over 15,000 volumes, with a focus on archaeology and ancient history.

The Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Reggio Calabria is considered an important cultural institution in Italy and attracts thousands of visitors each year. Its collection is also significant for scholars studying ancient Greek art and culture.

Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Reggio Calabria

The Istanbul Archaeological Museums, located in the Eminönü district of Istanbul, Turkey, is one of the largest museums in the world dedicated to archaeology and cultural heritage. It consists of three different museums, the Archaeological Museum, the Museum of the Ancient Orient, and the Tiled Kiosk Museum.

The Archaeological Museum houses over one million objects and artifacts dating back to ancient Greece, Rome, and Byzantium. Its collections include sculptures, coins, mosaics, sarcophagi, and other artifacts that offer a glimpse into the rich history of Istanbul and the surrounding regions.

The Museum of the Ancient Orient contains a vast collection of artifacts from the ancient Near East, including Babylon, Persia, and Assyria. This museum includes the world-famous collection of ancient cuneiform tablets, which offer an important insight into the daily lives, religion, and culture of these ancient civilizations.

The Tiled Kiosk Museum is a small museum that contains a collection of Ottoman tiles and ceramics, which are some of the finest examples of Ottoman art and design. The building itself is a beautiful example of Ottoman architecture and was once used as a summer palace by the Ottoman sultans.

Istanbul Archaeological Museum

The Jordan Museum is the largest museum in Jordan, located in the capital city of Amman. The museum showcases the rich cultural heritage of Jordan, displaying over 2,000 artifacts from prehistoric times to the modern era. The museum is housed in a modern building that opened in 2014, adjacent to the historic citadel of Amman.

The exhibits in the museum are divided into three main sections: Archaeology, Folklore and Traditional Culture, and Modern History and Culture. The Archaeology section features artifacts from the Paleolithic period to the Islamic era, including tools, pottery, jewelry, and weapons. The Folklore and Traditional Culture section showcases the daily life of Jordanians, with exhibits of traditional costumes, household items, and handicrafts. The Modern History and Culture section focuses on the political and social developments of Jordan in the 20th century.

The museum also hosts temporary exhibits on various topics, as well as educational programs and workshops for visitors of all ages. The building itself is a work of art, with modern architecture that integrates seamlessly with the historic surroundings.

The Jordan Museum

The National Museum of Iran, also known as the Iran Bastan Museum, is located in Tehran and is one of the largest museums in the country. The museum has an extensive collection of artifacts, ranging from prehistoric times to the Islamic era.

The museum has two main buildings, one dedicated to pre-Islamic Iran and the other to the Islamic era. The pre-Islamic section includes artifacts from the Paleolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Iron Age periods, as well as the Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sassanid empires. There are also displays of ceramics, metalwork, and textiles from ancient Persia.

The Islamic section of the museum contains artifacts from the 7th century onward, including manuscripts, calligraphy, and decorative arts. There are also exhibits on the history of Islamic medicine, astronomy, and science.

Some of the most notable objects in the collection include the Cyrus Cylinder, the world's first human rights declaration; the Darius seal, one of the most important archaeological finds from the Achaemenid era; and a collection of coins and jewelry from the Achaemenid and Sassanid empires.

The museum also houses a library with over 300,000 books and manuscripts, including rare Islamic texts, as well as a conservation laboratory and a photography studio. It is considered one of the top tourist attractions in Tehran and is a must-see for anyone interested in the history and culture of Iran.

National Museum of Iran

Museo Egizio, or the Egyptian Museum, is an archaeological museum in Turin, Italy. It houses one of the largest collections of Egyptian antiquities in the world, with over 30,000 artifacts spanning from the prehistoric times to the Roman era. The museum was founded in 1824 by King Charles Felix of Sardinia and was relocated to its current location in 1889.

The collection includes sculptures, sarcophagi, jewelry, papyri, and other artifacts, many of which were acquired through archaeological excavations in Egypt conducted by Italian expeditions in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The museum also houses the world's second-largest papyrus collection, after the British Museum in London.

One of the most notable pieces in the collection is the statue of Ramses II, which stands at over 10 meters tall and is one of the largest Egyptian statues ever discovered. Other highlights include the Tomb of Kha and Merit, a complete funerary complex from the 18th dynasty, and the Turin King List, which is a papyrus containing the names of many Egyptian kings.

The museum underwent extensive renovations and expansions between 2006 and 2015, which included the addition of a new wing and the creation of new exhibition spaces. Today, it remains a popular tourist destination and a significant center for the study of ancient Egyptian civilization.

Museo Egizio

The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology is located in Oxford, England and is part of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1683, making it the oldest university museum in the world. The museum's collections span art and archaeology from all over the world, with a particular focus on Western art from classical antiquity to the present day.

The museum's collection of ancient Greek and Roman art is especially noteworthy, with artifacts ranging from pottery and sculpture to jewelry and coins. It also holds an extensive collection of European art from the Renaissance to the modern era, including works by Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Pablo Picasso. The museum also has a large collection of Asian art and artifacts, including items from China, Japan, and India.

In addition to its art and archaeological collections, the Ashmolean Museum also has a collection of musical instruments and a collection of prints and drawings. It also has temporary exhibition spaces and hosts a range of events and lectures throughout the year.

The museum underwent a major redevelopment in 2009, which expanded the exhibition space and added new facilities including a rooftop restaurant and a conservation and research center.

Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology

The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization is a museum located in Cairo, Egypt. It was officially opened to the public in April 2021 and houses artifacts that showcase the history of Egypt from the prehistoric era to the modern era. The museum's permanent collection features over 50,000 artifacts, including mummies, pottery, textiles, coins, and religious artifacts.

One of the main highlights of the museum is the Tutankhamun Gallery, which displays the treasures found in the tomb of King Tutankhamun, including his famous golden mask. The gallery features replicas of the objects found in the tomb, as the original artifacts remain on display at the Egyptian Museum in Tahrir Square.

Another notable exhibit in the museum is the Royal Mummies Hall, which displays the mummies of several ancient Egyptian kings and queens. The mummies are displayed in a darkened room to preserve them from light damage, and visitors can learn about the history and mythology surrounding each mummy.

The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization also features several interactive exhibits, including virtual reality displays that allow visitors to experience life in ancient Egypt. Additionally, the museum has an outdoor garden area with a large sculpture garden and a view of the Nile River.

National Museum of Egyptian Civilization

The Larco Museum, also known as Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera, is a privately-owned museum in Lima, Peru. It was founded in 1926 by Rafael Larco Hoyle, a Peruvian archaeologist and collector of pre-Columbian art, and it houses one of the largest collections of pre-Columbian art in the world.

The museum's exhibits are arranged chronologically, starting with the earliest known Peruvian cultures, such as the Cupisnique and the Chavín, and continuing through to the Inca Empire. The collection includes objects made from ceramics, textiles, metal, and stone, as well as examples of pre-Columbian erotic pottery, which is unique to the region. One of the most famous exhibits is the collection of ancient erotic pottery, depicting sexual scenes in a variety of positions.

The museum also has a collection of gold and silver pieces, including ceremonial objects and jewelry, as well as textiles and other everyday objects. The museum's gardens are also worth visiting, as they contain a variety of plants and flowers from different regions of Peru.

The Larco Museum is considered one of the most important museums in South America and has been recognized by the Peruvian government as a National Cultural Heritage site. It is located in the Pueblo Libre district of Lima and is open to the public daily.

Larco museum

The Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino (Chilean Museum of Pre-Columbian Art) is located in Santiago, Chile. The museum was founded in 1981 with the aim of collecting, preserving, researching, and exhibiting the pre-Columbian art of the Americas. The collection consists of more than 3,000 objects from different cultures, including the Aztec, Mayan, Inca, and Moche, among others.

The museum's permanent exhibition is divided into six rooms, each with a different theme: People and Culture, Life and Death, The Supernatural World, Power and Identity, Territories and Frontiers, and America before America. The collection includes a wide variety of objects, such as ceramics, textiles, metalwork, woodcarvings, and stone carvings, among others.

The Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino has become an important cultural institution in Chile and the region, promoting research, conservation, and education in the field of pre-Columbian art and culture. The museum offers guided tours, educational programs, and workshops for all ages. It is considered one of the most important museums in Latin America for the study and appreciation of pre-Columbian art.

Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino

The Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli (National Archaeological Museum of Naples) is one of the most important museums in Italy and contains one of the richest collections of ancient Greek and Roman artifacts in the world. It is located in the historic center of Naples, near the Piazza Dante.

The museum was founded in the late 1700s, during the Bourbon period in Naples, as a result of the royal family's interest in collecting ancient artifacts. Over the years, the collection grew and was enriched with significant archaeological finds from Pompeii, Herculaneum, and other ancient sites in the area.

The museum's collection includes thousands of artifacts, including statues, mosaics, frescoes, and household items. The most famous works on display include the Farnese Hercules, the Toro Farnese (Farnese Bull), the Alexander Mosaic, and the Secret Cabinet, a collection of erotic art from Pompeii and Herculaneum that was only opened to the public in the 1960s.

The museum is divided into several sections, including the Greek and Roman antiquities section, the prehistoric and Egyptian section, and the collection of ancient coins and medals. Visitors can also see the remains of the ancient city of Pompeii, including its famous plaster casts of victims, as well as artifacts from the nearby city of Herculaneum.

The Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in ancient history and art. Its impressive collection and location in the heart of Naples make it a unique and fascinating museum.

Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli

The Museo Nazionale Romano, or National Roman Museum, is a museum dedicated to Roman archaeology in Rome, Italy. It is housed in several buildings across the city, including the Baths of Diocletian, Palazzo Massimo, Palazzo Altemps, and Crypta Balbi.

The museum's collection includes a wide range of Roman artifacts, including sculpture, mosaics, frescoes, and everyday objects such as lamps, glassware, and coins. Highlights of the collection include the Boxer at Rest, a famous Hellenistic bronze statue, and the Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus, a 3rd-century AD marble sarcophagus depicting a battle scene.

The Baths of Diocletian section of the museum features ancient Roman baths that have been restored and converted into exhibition spaces, showcasing artifacts related to the Roman baths and the ancient practice of bathing.

The Palazzo Massimo section of the museum features ancient Roman art and artifacts, including frescoes from the Villa of Livia, the Augustus of Prima Porta sculpture, and the Farnese collection of ancient sculpture.

The Palazzo Altemps section of the museum features ancient Roman art and artifacts, including the Ludovisi Throne, a 5th-century BC Etruscan sculpture, and the Egyptian collection of the Ludovisi family.

The Crypta Balbi section of the museum is located in the basement of the former Augustinian monastery of Santa Maria in Vallicella, which was built on the ruins of the ancient Theater of Balbus. It features archaeological finds from the area surrounding the theater, as well as exhibits on the history of the building itself.

Museo Nazionale Romano

The National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City is one of the most important museums in Mexico and the world for its collection of pre-Columbian art and artifacts. The museum was inaugurated in 1964 and has since become a must-visit destination for those interested in Mexican history, art, and culture.

The museum is located in Chapultepec Park and covers an area of more than 79,000 square meters, with 22 exhibition halls distributed over two floors. The exhibits showcase the history and culture of Mexico's indigenous peoples, from the pre-Columbian era to the present day. The museum's collection includes over 600,000 artifacts, many of which are on display in the museum's halls.

The museum's most famous exhibit is the Aztec Calendar Stone, which is also known as the Sun Stone. This massive carved stone disc weighs more than 24 tons and measures 3.6 meters in diameter. It was originally located in the Aztec capital city of Tenochtitlan and is considered one of the most important examples of Aztec art and astronomy.

Other highlights of the museum's collection include the Olmec colossal heads, Mayan jade masks, and the Tláloc monolith, a massive carved stone sculpture that depicts the Aztec rain god. The museum also has exhibits on the lifestyle and culture of Mexico's indigenous peoples, including their traditional clothing, musical instruments, and religious practices.

The museum is open every day except Mondays and some national holidays, and there is an admission fee for visitors. Guided tours are available in English, Spanish, and other languages, and audio guides are also available for an additional fee.

National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico

The Museo Arqueológico Nacional (National Archaeological Museum) is located in Madrid, Spain, and is considered one of the most important museums of its kind in the world. The museum houses one of the most extensive collections of ancient art and artifacts in Spain, including pieces from prehistoric times to the modern era.

The museum's collections include objects from the Iberian Peninsula, Egypt, Greece, and Rome, among others. The Iberian Peninsula collection includes prehistoric and protohistoric objects, as well as objects from the Celtic and Roman periods. The Egyptian collection is considered one of the best in the world, with more than 5,000 objects that cover the history of the Nile Valley from prehistory to the Islamic period. The Greek collection includes objects from the Bronze Age to the Hellenistic period, while the Roman collection includes objects from the Republican and Imperial periods.

Other notable collections in the museum include the Hispano-Roman collection, with objects from the Roman province of Hispania, and the medieval collection, with objects from the Visigothic period to the end of the Middle Ages. The museum also houses important collections of Islamic and Andalusian art.

The museum's building is an important example of 19th-century Spanish architecture, designed by Francisco Jareño y Alarcón and built in 1867. The façade is decorated with sculptures and reliefs that represent various periods of Spanish history, and the interior features a grand central staircase and large exhibition halls.

The National Archaeological Museum is an important research center, with a library, photographic archives, and laboratories for the analysis of archaeological materials. The museum also organizes temporary exhibitions, educational activities, and guided tours, making it a popular destination for visitors interested in the history and archaeology of Spain and the Mediterranean region.

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