Bishapur is an ancient city located in the southwestern region of Iran. It was founded by the Sassanid king Shapur I in 266 AD, and served as the capital of the Sassanid Empire during his reign. The city is situated near the ancient trade route that connected the Persian Gulf with Mesopotamia.

Bishapur is known for its magnificent archaeological ruins, including the impressive palace of Shapur I, the remains of the city walls, and the many structures that once housed the city's inhabitants. The palace complex includes a number of intricate carvings and bas-reliefs that depict scenes from the lives of the Sassanid kings.

One of the most notable features of Bishapur is the Anahita Temple, which is dedicated to the goddess of fertility and water. The temple is well-preserved and features a series of columns and arches that are decorated with intricate carvings.

Bishapur was also known for its hydraulic engineering, including an elaborate system of canals and aqueducts that provided water for the city's inhabitants. The remains of these structures can still be seen today.

Today, Bishapur is a popular destination for tourists and historians interested in the ancient history of Iran. Visitors can explore the city's many ruins and learn about the Sassanid Empire and its impact on Iranian history and culture.

Bishapur

Uraman Takht is a historical village located in the western part of Iran's Kurdistan Province, near the border with Iraq. It is part of the larger Uraman region, which is known for its unique architecture, culture, and natural beauty.

The village is situated at an altitude of 2,700 meters above sea level and is characterized by its mud-brick houses, narrow alleys, and steep stairways that climb up the mountain slope. The houses are built in a style that dates back over 2,000 years and are designed to blend seamlessly into the surrounding landscape.

One of the most notable features of Uraman Takht is its ancient water supply system, which is still in use today. The system consists of underground channels that bring water from the nearby mountains to the village, where it is used for drinking, washing, and irrigating crops.

In addition to its unique architecture, Uraman Takht is also home to a number of cultural and historical sites. These include ancient rock carvings, old cemeteries, and traditional shrines and mosques.

The region surrounding Uraman Takht is also known for its natural beauty. Visitors can enjoy hiking, birdwatching, and exploring the nearby mountains and valleys. The area is also home to a variety of plant and animal species, including wild goats, sheep, and bears.

Uraman Takht

Dasht-e Lut, also known as the Lut Desert, is a large salt desert located in southeastern Iran. It covers an area of about 51,800 square kilometers and is one of the hottest and driest places on earth. The region has very little rainfall, and temperatures can exceed 70 degrees Celsius, making it an extreme environment to live in.

Despite its harsh conditions, Dasht-e Lut is known for its unique and stunning natural features. The desert is home to a variety of sand dunes, salt flats, and other geological formations that have been shaped by wind and water erosion over millions of years. One of the most famous of these features is the Yardangs, which are long, narrow ridges of sand and rock that have been sculpted into beautiful, wave-like patterns.

In addition to its geological features, Dasht-e Lut is also home to a number of plant and animal species that have adapted to the harsh conditions of the desert. Some of the most notable species include the Asiatic cheetah, the goitered gazelle, and the desert hare.

Despite its extreme conditions, Dasht-e Lut has been inhabited by humans for thousands of years. Ancient artifacts and archaeological sites have been discovered in the region, including evidence of early human settlements and trade routes that once crossed the desert. Today, the region is home to a small number of nomadic tribes who continue to live in traditional ways, herding camels and other livestock across the desert landscape.

Dasht-e Lut

The Behistun Inscription is a multilingual inscription located on a towering cliff at Mount Behistun in present-day Iran. It was commissioned by Darius the Great, the king of the Achaemenid Empire, in 520 BCE to celebrate his victories over his enemies and assert his authority over his empire.

The inscription is written in three different scripts and languages: Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian. The Old Persian version is the most extensive and is written in cuneiform script. It contains 414 lines and provides valuable information about the history, religion, and administration of the Achaemenid Empire. The other two versions are shorter and written in different scripts.

The inscription also contains a depiction of Darius and his enemies, including Gaumata, who was a Magian usurper who claimed the throne of Persia after the death of Cambyses II. The inscription tells the story of how Darius defeated Gaumata and his supporters and established his rule over Persia. It also lists the countries and peoples that were subject to the Achaemenid Empire.

The Behistun Inscription was first studied and translated by Sir Henry Rawlinson, a British soldier and scholar, in the mid-19th century. His work paved the way for the decipherment of cuneiform script and significantly contributed to the study of ancient history and archaeology. The inscription has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site and is considered one of the most important historical and archaeological sites in the world.

Behistun Inscription

Firuzabad is an ancient city located in the Fars Province of Iran. It was founded by King Ardashir I in the early 3rd century AD as his capital city. The city was built to symbolize Ardashir's new dynasty, the Sassanian Empire.

One of the main features of Firuzabad is its circular city plan, with the royal palace and audience hall located at the center. The circular design is believed to have been inspired by the ancient Iranian myth of the city of Arvandor, which was also said to have a circular layout.

One of the most prominent structures in Firuzabad is the Qal'eh Dokhtar, also known as the Palace of Ardashir. It is a well-preserved palace that is believed to have been used as the royal residence of Ardashir I. The palace is made of stone and features a large entrance, an audience hall, and several rooms for the king and his family.

Another significant structure in Firuzabad is the Ghal'eh-ye Kārān, or the Castle of Karan. It is a large fortress located on a nearby hilltop that was built during the Sassanian period to protect the city from invading forces. The fortress features a large gate, several towers, and underground tunnels.

Firuzabad is also known for its large irrigation system that was used to bring water from the nearby mountains to the city. The system, which includes a large dam and canals, is still in use today and provides water to the surrounding agricultural lands.

Firuzabad

The Mud Volcanoes in Baku, Azerbaijan are a unique natural phenomenon where mud and gas are pushed up from deep below the Earth's surface to create small volcanoes made of mud. These small volcanoes are found throughout the area and are a popular tourist destination.

The mud volcanoes are caused by the release of methane and other gases from deep underground, which mixes with the mud to create the volcanic eruptions. The mud is typically grey or beige in color and can range in consistency from liquid to semi-solid. Some of the mud volcanoes are as small as a few inches high, while others can reach heights of up to several meters.

The area around the Mud Volcanoes is a protected national park, which is home to a variety of wildlife, including wild boar, gazelles, and wolves. The park is also an important nesting site for a number of bird species.

Visitors to the Mud Volcanoes can hike through the surrounding desert landscape, take a guided tour, or even ride on a specially designed vehicle that can navigate the rugged terrain. It is important to note that the mud can be slippery, and visitors are advised to wear appropriate footwear and exercise caution while exploring the area.

Mud Volcanoes Baku

The Monastery of Saint Thaddeus is an ancient Armenian monastery located in the mountainous region of northwestern Iran, near the border with Azerbaijan and Turkey. The monastery is believed to have been founded in the 1st century AD by the Apostle Thaddeus, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus.

The monastery complex includes several buildings and structures, including the main church, known as the St. Thaddeus Church or the Qara Kelisa (Black Church), a chapel, a bell tower, and several rooms for monks and pilgrims. The St. Thaddeus Church is considered to be one of the oldest surviving Christian churches in the world and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The monastery has undergone several renovations and reconstructions over the centuries, with the current structures dating back to the 14th century. The architecture of the monastery is characterized by its blend of Armenian and Persian styles, with intricate carvings, tile work, and frescoes decorating the interior and exterior of the buildings.

The Monastery of Saint Thaddeus is an important pilgrimage site for Armenian Christians, with thousands of pilgrims visiting the site each year to pay homage to the Apostle Thaddeus and to seek blessings and healing. The monastery is also a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors from around the world who are interested in history, architecture, and religion.

Monastery of Saint Thaddeus

The Palace of Shaki Khans, also known as Shaki Palace, is a historical residence located in the town of Shaki, Azerbaijan. The palace was built in the late 18th century and served as the summer residence of the Shaki Khans.

The palace consists of several buildings, including a main building, harem, and a large courtyard. The main building is a two-story structure made of brick and stone, with intricate wooden balconies and colorful stained-glass windows. The harem is a separate building where the women of the palace lived, and it has a distinct architectural style and ornate decoration.

The palace's interior is adorned with exquisite frescoes, intricate woodcarvings, and intricate stained-glass windows. The palace also has a collection of antique furniture and traditional Azerbaijani carpets.

Today, the Palace of Shaki Khans is a popular tourist attraction in Azerbaijan and has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Visitors can explore the palace and its surroundings, learn about the history of the Shaki Khans, and enjoy traditional Azerbaijani music and dance performances.

Palace of Shaki Khans

Shahr-e Sukhteh, also known as the Burnt City, is an archaeological site located in the southeastern province of Sistan and Baluchistan, Iran. The city was founded around 3200 BCE, making it one of the oldest known cities in the world.

The Burnt City covers an area of approximately 150 hectares and is composed of a central citadel and residential areas, with an extensive cemetery located to the east. The city was once a hub of trade and industry, with evidence of metalworking, weaving, and pottery production.

Archaeologists have uncovered a wealth of artifacts at the site, including a complex irrigation system, a script that has yet to be deciphered, and over 30,000 individual objects, such as pottery, jewelry, and tools. The most famous discovery at the site is a woman’s skeleton that dates back to around 2900 BCE and is believed to be one of the world's oldest known examples of brain surgery.

The city was destroyed and abandoned around 1800 BCE for unknown reasons, and its ruins remained hidden beneath the sand until it was rediscovered in the 20th century. Shahr-e Sukhteh has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in recognition of its outstanding universal value as an important center of trade and innovation in the Bronze Age.

Shahr-e Sukhteh

Shushtar is a historical city located in the southwestern part of Iran, in Khuzestan Province. It is situated on the banks of the Karun River and is known for its ancient hydraulic engineering system, which is considered a masterpiece of ancient engineering.

The hydraulic system of Shushtar, also known as Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System, includes a series of water mills, dams, bridges, tunnels, and canals that were built during the Achaemenid and Sassanid periods of ancient Persia. The system was designed to supply water for irrigation, drinking, and industrial use, and is considered an outstanding example of the ingenuity of ancient Persian engineers.

The hydraulic system consists of several parts, including the Gargar Canal, which is the main canal that carries water from the Karun River to the city, and the Shadorvan Bridge, which was built to cross the canal. Other important structures include the Band-e Mizan Dam, the Band-e Kaisar Dam, and the Salasel Castle, which served as a fortress to protect the city from enemy attacks.

Shushtar has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site since 2009 due to its outstanding universal value and the significance of its hydraulic system as a cultural heritage site. The city has several other notable historical sites, including the Shushtar Historical Bazaar, the Jameh Mosque of Shushtar, and the Falak-ol-Aflak Castle. The city is also famous for its handicrafts, such as carpets, silk fabrics, and traditional clothing.

Shushtar

Soltaniyeh is a historical city located in northwestern Iran, about 340 km west of Tehran. The city is famous for its magnificent dome, which is located in the center of the city and is considered one of the most significant architectural landmarks of Iran.

The dome of Soltaniyeh was built in the early 14th century, during the reign of the Ilkhanate dynasty, and is the largest brick dome in the world. It has a diameter of 50 meters and a height of 25 meters, and its intricate design and decoration reflect the cultural and artistic richness of the period.

The city of Soltaniyeh was the capital of the Ilkhanate empire for a short period, and its impressive monuments and buildings, including the dome and the surrounding buildings, are a testament to the wealth and power of the Ilkhanate dynasty. The city was also an important center of learning, and several scholars and theologians lived and worked there during the 14th and 15th centuries.

Today, Soltaniyeh is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts visitors from all over the world who come to admire the dome and explore the rich history and culture of the region. The city is also known for its beautiful gardens and parks, which provide a peaceful and relaxing atmosphere for visitors.

Soltaniyeh

Persepolis, also known as Takht-e Jamshid, is an ancient ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire located in southern Iran, around 60 km northeast of the city of Shiraz. It was constructed by King Darius the Great in the 6th century BC and was later expanded by his successors Xerxes and Artaxerxes.

The city was built on a terrace platform, and its magnificent buildings, including palaces, audience halls, and other ceremonial structures, were constructed using the finest materials available at the time, such as marble, gold, and silver. The most famous buildings in Persepolis include the Apadana Palace, the Throne Hall, the Gate of All Nations, and the Treasury.

Persepolis was used primarily as a center for ceremonial events and royal audiences, and it also served as a political center for the empire. It was heavily influenced by Persian, Babylonian, and Assyrian art, and the intricate carvings and reliefs found on its walls are considered some of the finest examples of ancient Persian art.

Despite its grandeur, Persepolis was destroyed by Alexander the Great in 330 BC, and much of its wealth was looted or destroyed. The site was later abandoned and remained forgotten until the 17th century when it was rediscovered by European travelers. Today, Persepolis is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Iran's most popular tourist destinations.

Persepolis

Bassae, also known as Bassae of Phigalia, is an ancient Greek temple located in the Peloponnese region of Greece. The temple is dedicated to the god Apollo Epikourios, and it is considered one of the best examples of ancient Greek architecture.

The temple was constructed in the mid-5th century BC, during the Classical period of Greece, and it was designed by the architect Iktinos, who was also one of the architects of the Parthenon in Athens. The temple is made of local limestone and marble and is located in the mountains, near the village of Skliros, in the region of Messenia.

The temple is renowned for its unique design, which combines elements of both the Doric and Ionic orders of Greek architecture. The temple has a rectangular plan and is surrounded by a colonnade of 23 Doric columns on the long sides and 6 Ionic columns on the short sides. The interior of the temple features a cella, or inner chamber, where the statue of Apollo Epikourios was housed.

The temple was rediscovered in the 18th century by British architect and antiquarian James Stuart, who was traveling through the area. The temple was in a state of disrepair and had been partially covered by landslide debris. The restoration of the temple began in the 20th century and was completed in the 1990s.

Today, the temple of Bassae is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is open to visitors who wish to explore its ancient architecture and learn about the history of the region.

Bassae

The Skopje Art Bridge is a pedestrian bridge in the city of Skopje, North Macedonia. It is located in the city center and spans across the Vardar River, connecting the Macedonian Square and the Old Bazaar. The bridge was designed by the Italian architect Francesco Foscari in collaboration with the artist Valentina Stefanovska, and it was opened in 2012.

The Art Bridge is known for its unique and colorful design. It features 29 different art installations by Macedonian artists, which are integrated into the bridge's railings and pavement. The installations are made of metal, glass, and stone, and they represent various themes and aspects of Macedonian culture and history, such as the Cyrillic alphabet, traditional costumes, and famous Macedonian personalities.

In addition to its artistic value, the Skopje Art Bridge is also an important urban landmark and a popular tourist attraction. It offers panoramic views of the Vardar River, the surrounding mountains, and the city's skyline. The bridge is also frequently used as a venue for cultural events, such as concerts, festivals, and exhibitions.

Skopje Art bridge

Spinalonga is a small island located in the Gulf of Elounda in Crete, Greece. The island has a long and interesting history that dates back to the Venetian occupation of Crete. In the early 1900s, the island was used as a leper colony until it was abandoned in the 1950s.

Spinalonga is a popular tourist attraction today and can be reached by boat from nearby towns like Elounda and Agios Nikolaos. Visitors can explore the island's old fortress walls, narrow streets, and abandoned buildings, including the former leper colony hospital. There are also several small beaches on the island that are popular for swimming and sunbathing.

The island's history and its former use as a leper colony are a significant part of its appeal to visitors. A visit to Spinalonga provides an opportunity to learn about the island's past and the lives of the people who were forced to live there. The island has also been the subject of several books, including the best-selling novel "The Island" by Victoria Hislop, which has brought international attention to Spinalonga and its history.

Spinalonga

Eram Garden, also known as the Garden of Paradise, is a historic Persian garden located in Shiraz, Iran. The garden is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most famous gardens in Iran, known for its lush greenery, beautiful flowers, and tranquil atmosphere.

The Eram Garden was built during the Seljuk dynasty and has been renovated and expanded several times throughout history. The garden covers an area of approximately 11 hectares and is divided into two main sections: the botanical garden and the residential area.

The botanical garden is home to a wide variety of trees, plants, and flowers, including cypress trees, orange trees, roses, and fountains. The residential area includes a pavilion, a small museum, and several other buildings.

One of the most distinctive features of the Eram Garden is its beautiful pool, which is surrounded by a colonnaded portico and a series of arches. The garden is also famous for its intricate tile work and its use of water features, including fountains, water channels, and cascades.

Eram Garden

Takht-e Soleyman (also known as Azar Goshnasp) is an ancient archaeological site located in the northwest of Iran. It is believed to have been a major Zoroastrian fire temple and royal residence during the Sassanian Empire (224-651 CE). The site is situated atop a volcanic peak at an altitude of 2,000 meters above sea level and includes several structures, including a palace, temple, and defensive walls.

The site's central feature is the large crater lake, known as the Lake of the Sun, which was considered sacred by the Zoroastrians. The temple complex was built around this lake, which was believed to have been created by a meteor strike. The complex includes several buildings, including the main temple, a fire temple, a palace, and a royal library.

The main temple is one of the most important structures at the site and is built on a raised platform. It is a circular structure with a diameter of 52 meters and a height of 38 meters, with an outer shell made of bricks and an interior chamber built of stone. The interior of the temple contains a large central hall with an octagonal pool in the center, which is believed to have been used for Zoroastrian rituals.

The palace at Takht-e Soleyman was built in the 13th century under the Ilkhanid dynasty and was used as a summer residence by the rulers of the time. It is located at the western edge of the site and features a large courtyard, several halls, and a tower that served as a lookout point.

In addition to its historical and architectural significance, Takht-e Soleyman is also known for its natural beauty, with its scenic surroundings and panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The site was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2003, recognizing its importance as an outstanding example of the integration of natural and cultural elements.

Takht-e Soleyman

Stars Valley is a natural wonder located in the southern part of Qeshm Island in Iran. It is a unique geological formation that consists of tall, cone-shaped columns made of sand and rocks that have been eroded over thousands of years by wind and rain. The columns have a unique shape and color, and when the sun shines on them, they create a stunning display of light and shadow.

The valley is surrounded by mountains, and the wind blows through the columns, creating an eerie sound that is reminiscent of the howling of the wind. The site is also known for its beautiful sunsets and the stars that can be seen in the night sky. The valley is accessible by car or by foot, and visitors can explore the site on foot or by taking a guided tour.

There are several legends associated with the Stars Valley. According to one legend, the columns were formed by a meteor that fell to earth and created the unique formations. Another legend says that the valley is home to jinns, or supernatural creatures, who come out at night to play and dance among the columns. The valley has become a popular tourist attraction in recent years, and visitors can enjoy hiking, camping, and photography amidst the otherworldly landscape.

Stars valley Qeshm

Ali-Sadr cave is a magnificent cave located in the Hamadan province of Iran, about 100 km north of the city of Hamadan. It is one of the largest and most beautiful water caves in the world, with a complex system of interconnected tunnels and lakes.

The cave was discovered by a group of Iranian and French explorers in the 1960s, and it was opened to the public in 1976. The cave's unique features include underground rivers, lakes, and waterfalls, as well as striking rock formations and stalactites and stalagmites that have been forming for millions of years.

Visitors to Ali-Sadr cave can take a boat tour through the cave's tunnels and lakes, with the water being so clear that the visitors can see the bottom of the lake, which is several meters below. The temperature inside the cave is also quite mild, remaining around 12 to 13 degrees Celsius throughout the year.

Ali-Sadr cave is not only a tourist attraction but also an important geological and ecological site, as well as a significant archaeological site. It has provided a wealth of information about the region's geology and climate, as well as the lives of the people who lived in the area thousands of years ago.

Ali-Sadr cave

Naqsh-e Rajab is an archaeological site located in Iran, about 4 kilometers north of the ancient city of Persepolis. It is an ancient rock relief site that dates back to the Sassanid Empire, between the 3rd and 7th centuries CE. The site features four large rock reliefs that depict the investiture ceremonies and the victories of the Sassanid kings. The site also has some inscriptions in Pahlavi script, which provide information about the kings and the scenes depicted in the reliefs.

The most prominent of the rock reliefs is the one depicting the investiture of Ardashir I, the founder of the Sassanid Empire, who is receiving the ring of kingship from Ahura Mazda, the Zoroastrian god of wisdom and creation. The other three reliefs show the victories of kings Shapur I, Shapur II, and Bahram II, over their enemies. One of the reliefs shows a figure of Shapur I on horseback, with the Roman emperor Valerian kneeling before him in submission.

Naqsh-e Rajab is an important historical site that provides valuable insight into the art, culture, and history of the Sassanid Empire. It is a popular tourist destination in Iran and attracts visitors from all over the world. The site is well-preserved, and visitors can easily access the reliefs and inscriptions.

Naqsh-e Rajab

Chogha Zanbil, also known as Dur-Untash, is an ancient Elamite complex located in the Khuzestan province of southwestern Iran. The site dates back to the Middle Elamite period of Iran, between 1250 BCE and 650 BCE, and was built by the Elamite king Untash-Napirisha.

The complex includes a large ziggurat, or stepped pyramid, as well as a series of temples and palaces. The ziggurat was originally about 52 meters (170 feet) tall, with five levels, and was constructed using over 2 million baked bricks. The other buildings at the site were also constructed using baked bricks, and some of the walls are decorated with colorful glazed bricks.

Chogha Zanbil was abandoned after being sacked by the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal in the 7th century BCE, and was not rediscovered until the early 20th century. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979, and is considered one of the best-preserved examples of Elamite architecture and art.

Chogha Zanbil

The Complex of Izadkhast is an architectural complex located in the city of Izadkhast in the Fars Province of Iran. The complex consists of a castle, a caravanserai, a qanat (underground water supply system), and a bathhouse.

The castle, also known as Izadkhast Citadel or Dezh-e Izadkhast, is a large fortified structure built during the Sassanid Empire, possibly in the 3rd century CE. The castle has been built with a combination of stones, bricks, and mud, and features thick walls, ramparts, watchtowers, and underground tunnels. The castle was used as a military base and a safe haven for the people during the invasions.

The caravanserai, located near the castle, was built during the Safavid period in the 17th century CE. It is a large, rectangular structure with a central courtyard, surrounded by chambers and stalls for the travelers and their animals. The caravanserai was used as a resting place for the caravans and merchants traveling along the Silk Road.

The qanat of Izadkhast is an ancient water supply system, which dates back to the Achaemenid period. The qanat is a series of underground tunnels and channels that bring water from the mountains to the city and the surrounding areas.

The bathhouse, also known as the hammam, was built during the Safavid period in the 17th century CE. It is a large, domed structure, featuring a series of interconnected rooms, heated by a furnace, and used for bathing and relaxation.

The Complex of Izadkhast is a unique example of the Persian architecture and engineering, reflecting the historical, cultural, and technological achievements of Iran throughout the centuries.

Complex of Izadkhast

Chehel Sotoun is a palace and garden located in Isfahan, Iran. The palace was built by the Safavid dynasty in the 17th century and it is a fine example of Persian architecture, art, and garden design. Chehel Sotoun means "Forty Columns" in Persian, referring to the 20 wooden columns reflected in the palace's long pool, creating a total of 40 pillars.

The palace is renowned for its impressive reception hall which features beautiful murals and frescoes. The palace's terrace offers stunning views of the surrounding park, gardens, and pool. The building's exterior is decorated with intricate designs and tile work, while the interior is adorned with beautiful frescoes, mirrors, and murals.

The palace is surrounded by a large and beautifully landscaped garden, complete with fountains, reflecting pools, and flower beds. The garden's design is based on the traditional Persian concept of chahar bagh, which means "four gardens". The garden is divided into four sections by water channels, with each section representing one of the four elements: water, earth, air, and fire.

Chehel Sotoun is a popular tourist attraction and a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is a must-visit destination for those interested in Persian history, culture, and architecture.

Chehel Sotoun

The Blue Mosque, also known as the Turquoise Mosque or Kabud Mosque, is a historic mosque located in Tabriz, Iran. It was built during the reign of Jahan Shah of the Kara Koyunlu dynasty in the 15th century, and is renowned for its stunning blue-tiled mosaics that adorn the mosque's interior.

The mosque has a distinct blue hue due to the extensive use of blue tiles, which are decorated with intricate floral and geometric patterns. The exterior of the mosque is also decorated with mosaic tiles, including calligraphic inscriptions in Arabic and Persian.

The Blue Mosque was severely damaged by an earthquake in 1779, and was subsequently rebuilt in the 19th century during the Qajar dynasty. The mosque was further restored in the 20th century, and today stands as one of the most important historical and architectural sites in Tabriz.

The mosque features a large central courtyard, flanked by two prayer halls on either side. The main prayer hall has a large dome and is surrounded by smaller domes and vaults. The mosque also contains a number of other chambers and rooms, including a library and a museum that displays a collection of ancient Islamic manuscripts.

Visitors to the Blue Mosque can enjoy its stunning architecture and intricate tilework, as well as the peaceful atmosphere of the mosque's prayer halls and courtyards. The mosque is open to visitors year-round, and is a must-see attraction for anyone interested in the rich cultural and architectural heritage of Iran.

Blue Mosque Tabriz

Taq-e Bostan is an ancient site located in the northwestern Iranian city of Kermanshah. The site is known for its large rock reliefs dating back to the Sassanid Empire (224-651 CE), a period of Persian history renowned for its political and cultural achievements.

The main attraction of Taq-e Bostan is a series of impressive rock carvings and sculptures, including the eponymous Taq-e Bostan arch, which was carved into the cliff face and decorated with intricate depictions of hunting scenes and battles. There are also several other reliefs, including a representation of the investiture of Ardeshir II, one of the early Sassanid rulers, and a portrait of Shapur III, another Sassanid king.

In addition to the rock carvings, there are several other structures at the site, including a small pavilion, a stone tower, and a natural spring, which was used for centuries to irrigate the surrounding fields. The site is considered an important example of Sassanid art and architecture and is a popular destination for tourists and history enthusiasts visiting Iran.

Taq-e Bostan

The Tower of Silence in Yazd is a circular structure located on a hilltop outside the city. It is a Zoroastrian funerary structure, also known as Dakhma or "Tower of Silence," where Zoroastrians placed their dead to be exposed to the elements and picked clean by birds of prey.

The tower is built in concentric circles, with the outermost circle containing the bones of the most recent dead. The next circle would hold the bones of those who had been exposed for a longer period, and so on, until the bones were eventually pushed into the center of the tower. The tower was built in such a way that rainwater would wash the bones down into a central well, which was filled with lime to hasten the decomposition process.

The practice of exposing the dead in the Tower of Silence was a traditional Zoroastrian practice and continued until the 20th century. Today, the practice has been banned by the Iranian government, and Zoroastrians in Iran now bury their dead in concrete-lined graves.

The Tower of Silence is a popular tourist destination in Yazd and offers a unique glimpse into the history and culture of the Zoroastrian community.

Yazd Tower of Silence

The Fire Temple of Yazd is a historic Zoroastrian temple located in Yazd, Iran. Zoroastrianism is an ancient Iranian religion founded by the prophet Zoroaster, and it has a long and rich history in Iran. The Fire Temple of Yazd is one of the most important Zoroastrian pilgrimage sites in Iran, and it has been a place of worship for the Zoroastrian community for centuries.

The temple is famous for its central fire, which has been burning continuously for over 1,500 years. The fire is said to have been brought from Persia (modern-day Iran) and has been kept alight ever since. The temple has a large courtyard and several halls where Zoroastrian priests used to perform their rituals. The main hall, which is known as the Atash Behram or "Fire of Victory," is where the sacred fire is kept.

The temple was built in the 1930s, and it is an impressive example of traditional Persian architecture. The exterior of the temple is decorated with blue tiles and intricate geometric patterns, while the interior is adorned with ornate carvings and paintings.

Today, the Fire Temple of Yazd is a popular tourist attraction, and visitors can learn more about the history and culture of Zoroastrianism. The temple is also a symbol of the rich cultural heritage of Iran, and it is an important site for religious and cultural tourism.

Fire Temple of Yazd

Kandovan is a unique and picturesque village located in the Sahand mountains near the city of Tabriz in Iran. It is known for its unusual houses that are built into the rocky slopes of the mountain, similar to the fairy chimneys of Cappadocia in Turkey. The homes are carved directly into the soft, volcanic rock, and are often several stories tall. Some of the homes are over 700 years old, and the village itself has a history that dates back to pre-Islamic times.

The homes in Kandovan are not only unique in their construction, but also in their functionality. Many of them have multiple rooms, and some even have stables for animals on the lower levels. The village is also known for its production of honey, which is harvested from the surrounding hillsides.

Kandovan has become a popular destination for tourists interested in its unique architecture and picturesque setting. Visitors can explore the narrow streets and alleys of the village, and even stay in one of the traditional homes that have been converted into guesthouses. In addition to its unique homes, Kandovan also has several natural hot springs, which are a popular attraction for visitors looking to relax and soak in the healing waters.

Kandovan

Naqsh-e Rostam is an ancient necropolis located about 12 km northwest of Persepolis in Iran. The site contains several tombs and reliefs, including the tombs of several Achaemenid kings, as well as the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht, a small stone building that may have been a Zoroastrian fire temple.

The tombs of the Achaemenid kings are carved into the cliffs, and are notable for their elaborate facades and reliefs. The largest and most famous of these is the tomb of Darius the Great, which is over 30 meters tall and features a relief of the king standing on a platform, flanked by his guards and attendants.

Other tombs at Naqsh-e Rostam include those of Xerxes I, Artaxerxes I, and Darius II, as well as a smaller tomb that is believed to belong to the Parthian king, Gotarzes I. In addition to the tombs, the site also features several rock reliefs, including one that depicts the Sassanian king Shapur I triumphing over the Roman emperor Valerian.

Naqsh-e Rostam is an important archaeological site and a popular tourist destination in Iran, attracting visitors from around the world. It is also considered to be one of the most significant examples of ancient Persian art and architecture.

Naqsh-e Rostam

Bisheh waterfall is a beautiful natural attraction located in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province in southwestern Iran. The waterfall is situated near the village of Bisheh and is considered one of the most stunning waterfalls in Iran. It is about 48 meters high and has two stages, with the water cascading down a series of rocks and creating a picturesque scene.

The waterfall is surrounded by lush forests and towering mountains, making it a popular destination for nature lovers, hikers, and photographers. Visitors can enjoy hiking in the surrounding area and explore the local flora and fauna. The area is also home to a variety of wildlife, including deer, foxes, and various bird species.

Bisheh waterfall is accessible by car, and visitors can park in a designated parking area and then hike for about 20 minutes to reach the waterfall. There are also small cafes and vendors selling local snacks and souvenirs near the waterfall.

The best time to visit Bisheh waterfall is in the spring when the water levels are at their peak, and the surrounding flora is in full bloom. However, the waterfall can be visited throughout the year, and each season offers a different and unique experience.

Bisheh waterfall

The Imam Reza shrine is a complex of religious buildings in Mashhad, Iran, and is the largest mosque in the world by dimension and the second-largest by capacity. The shrine contains the tomb of Ali al-Ridha, the eighth Shia Imam, who died in 818 AD.

The mosque has undergone numerous renovations and expansions over the centuries, with the most recent renovation completed in 1994. The complex covers an area of over 267,000 square meters and includes a number of buildings, including several mosques, a library, a museum, and a hospital.

The central building of the complex is the Imam Reza shrine, which consists of four courtyards and seven prayer halls, and is covered by a massive golden dome that stands at over 35 meters tall. The shrine is considered one of the holiest sites in Shia Islam, and is visited by millions of pilgrims from around the world every year.

The Imam Reza shrine is also home to one of the most important libraries of Islamic manuscripts in the world, with over 20,000 handwritten copies of the Quran and other Islamic texts. Additionally, the complex includes a museum that displays artifacts and artworks related to the history of Shia Islam.

The Imam Reza shrine is not only a religious site, but also a cultural and social center for the city of Mashhad. The complex is surrounded by a bustling market, and hosts a variety of events and festivals throughout the year.

Imam Reza shrine

Tabriz colorful mountains, also known as the Aladaglar Mountains or the Rainbow Mountains, are a natural geological formation located near Tabriz, in the northwestern part of Iran. These mountains are characterized by their unique and vibrant colors, which range from bright red to orange, yellow, green, and even blue.

The colors of the mountains are caused by a combination of various minerals and sedimentary layers that have been deposited over millions of years. The red and orange colors, for instance, are due to the presence of iron oxide, while the green and blue shades are caused by the presence of copper and other minerals.

The Tabriz colorful mountains have become a popular tourist attraction in recent years, drawing visitors from all over the world who come to admire their beauty and take stunning photos. There are several viewing points and hiking trails that allow visitors to explore the mountains up close and appreciate the unique patterns and colors of the rocks.

The best time to visit the Tabriz colorful mountains is during the spring and summer months when the weather is mild and the colors of the mountains are particularly vivid. It is recommended to wear comfortable and sturdy shoes for hiking and bring plenty of water and sunscreen as the area can be quite hot and dry.

Tabriz colorful mountains

Shush, also known as Susa or Shushan, is an ancient city located in the Khuzestan province of Iran. It was once one of the most important cities of the Elamite, Persian, and Parthian empires, and served as the winter capital of the Achaemenid Empire. The city is situated on the eastern bank of the Shavur River and is known for its unique combination of ancient and modern architecture.

Shush is home to several historical and cultural attractions, including the ancient city of Susa, which is believed to have been founded over 4000 years ago. The site contains the remains of various structures, including the Apadana Palace, the Tomb of Daniel, and the Temple of Inanna.

One of the most significant archaeological discoveries at Susa was the Code of Hammurabi, which was found on a stele in the city in 1901. The code is one of the earliest known sets of written laws and provides a fascinating glimpse into the legal system of ancient Mesopotamia.

Other notable attractions in Shush include the Shush Castle, which was built during the Sassanid period and has been partially restored, and the Shush Museum, which features a variety of exhibits related to the history of the city and the region.

Shush is also known for its beautiful natural scenery, including the Dez River and the Shush Waterfall, both of which are popular destinations for tourists and locals alike. The city is also home to several parks and gardens, including the 400-year-old Bagh-e Shazdeh garden, which is renowned for its beautiful architecture and landscaping.

Shush Iran (temple Kiririsha)

Masuleh is a historic mountain village located in the Gilan Province of Iran. The village is situated in the Alborz mountain range, and it is known for its unique architecture, which has earned it the nickname "The City of Staircases." The village is a popular tourist destination due to its scenic beauty and cultural significance.

Masuleh is built on the slope of a mountain, and the buildings are constructed in a way that they form a stepped terrace. The roofs of the lower houses are used as the courtyards for the upper houses, which gives the village a layered appearance. The village's architecture is designed to protect it from the harsh weather of the region, including the frequent rains and snow.

The village has a rich history that dates back to the 10th century. It was once an important trading center on the Silk Road, and it played a vital role in the region's commerce and culture. The village has several historic sites, including a shrine, a mosque, and a mausoleum.

Masuleh is also known for its handicrafts, including carpets, rugs, and handmade pottery. The village has several shops and bazaars where visitors can purchase these items as souvenirs.

Masuleh

The Jameh Mosque of Yazd is a grand mosque located in the city of Yazd in central Iran. The mosque was built in the 14th century and has undergone several renovations and expansions over the centuries. It is one of the oldest and most important mosques in Iran and is known for its unique architecture, intricate tilework, and tall minarets.

The mosque covers an area of over 9,000 square meters and has a large courtyard surrounded by arcades, iwans (vaulted halls), and chambers. The main entrance to the mosque is through a magnificent portal that leads to the courtyard. The portal is adorned with intricate tilework and calligraphy, and is one of the most impressive features of the mosque.

The Jameh Mosque of Yazd has several prayer halls, each with its own unique design and decoration. The most notable of these is the grand prayer hall, which is supported by numerous columns and has a high ceiling adorned with beautiful geometric patterns. The walls of the prayer hall are covered in intricate tilework and calligraphy, and the mihrab (prayer niche) is adorned with beautiful tilework and arabesques.

The mosque also has two tall minarets that rise above the courtyard. The minarets are decorated with intricate brickwork and tilework and are topped with bulbous domes.

The Jameh Mosque of Yazd is an important cultural and religious site in Iran and attracts visitors from all over the world. It is a testament to the rich cultural and architectural heritage of Iran and is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Islamic architecture and history.

Jameh Mosque of Yazd

Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Azerbaijan. It is situated on the west bank of the Caspian Sea, about 60 km south of Baku, the capital city of Azerbaijan. The area is known for its extensive collection of rock art, which is estimated to be more than 40,000 years old.

The Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape covers an area of about 537 hectares and includes more than 6,000 rock engravings and paintings, which depict hunting scenes, animals, people, and other elements of daily life. The rock art is located in caves, shelters, and on large boulders, and is thought to have been created by the hunter-gatherer communities that lived in the region during the Upper Paleolithic period.

In addition to the rock art, the site also contains ancient tombs, dwellings, and other archaeological features, including stone circles and a megalithic altar. The area is rich in natural resources, including mud volcanoes, thermal springs, and petroleum deposits, which have been exploited since ancient times.

Gobustan Rock

Khaju Bridge is a historic bridge located in the city of Isfahan, Iran. It was built by the Persian Safavid king, Shah Abbas II, in the 17th century. The bridge spans the Zayandeh River and connects the north and south sides of Isfahan.

Khaju Bridge is a unique combination of bridge, dam, and building, and is considered one of the most beautiful bridges in Iran. It is approximately 133 meters long and 12 meters wide, and consists of two levels. The upper level was used by the royal family and their guests, while the lower level was used by the common people.

One of the most interesting features of Khaju Bridge is its 23 arches, which are all of different sizes and shapes. The arches were built to ensure the flow of water in the river, as the bridge also serves as a dam. There are also two octagonal pavilions located at the center of the bridge that were used as rest stops.

The bridge also has intricate tilework and inscriptions on its sides, which are both decorative and functional. The inscriptions include poems by the famous Persian poets Hafez and Ferdowsi.

Khaju Bridge is not only a masterpiece of engineering and architecture but also a cultural symbol of Isfahan. It has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is a popular tourist attraction in Iran.

Khaju bridge

The Grand Bazaar of Tehran, also known as the Bazaar-e Bozorg, is one of the largest and oldest covered markets in the world. Located in the heart of Tehran, the bazaar covers an area of over 10 hectares and is home to over 10,000 shops and stalls selling everything from traditional handicrafts to modern electronics.

The bazaar dates back to the 10th century when it was a small trading center in the old city of Ray. Over time, it grew into a major commercial hub for traders from all over the world, with caravans coming from as far as China and Europe to buy and sell goods.

The bazaar is divided into several different sections, each with its own unique character and specialty. The gold and jewelry section is known for its exquisite Persian designs and craftsmanship, while the carpet section is home to some of the finest hand-woven carpets in the world. The spice section is a feast for the senses, with colorful piles of exotic spices and herbs filling the air with their fragrant aromas.

Visitors to the bazaar can also find traditional Iranian clothing, ceramics, leather goods, musical instruments, and much more. The bazaar is not just a place to shop, but also a center of Iranian culture and history. Many of the shops and buildings have been in the same families for generations, and the architecture and design of the bazaar reflect the rich history and artistic traditions of Iran.

The Grand Bazaar of Tehran is a must-see destination for anyone interested in Persian culture, history, and commerce. It is a bustling, lively place where visitors can experience the sights, sounds, and flavors of Iran all in one place.

Grand Bazaar Tehran

Masoudieh Palace is a historical building located in Tehran, Iran. It was built in the late 19th century during the Qajar dynasty and served as a residence for wealthy Iranian aristocrats. The palace was designed by Iranian architect, Mohammad Khan-e Memar, and combines both traditional and western architectural styles.

The palace features two main sections, the summer and winter quarters, connected by a large hall with intricate paintings and woodcarvings. The summer quarter features large windows and balconies designed to provide natural ventilation during hot summers, while the winter quarter is designed to provide warmth during the cold winters.

During the Pahlavi dynasty, the palace was used as a center for cultural activities and hosted exhibitions of Persian art and artifacts. After the Iranian Revolution, the palace was used as a cultural center and museum.

In recent years, the palace has undergone renovations and restorations to preserve its historical and cultural significance. Today, it is open to the public as a museum and cultural center and is considered one of the important cultural heritage sites in Tehran.

Masoudieh palace

The Imam Ali Shrine is one of the most important and sacred sites for Shia Muslims located in the Iraqi city of Najaf. It is the final resting place of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad, who is revered as the first Shia Imam.

The shrine is a complex of buildings that includes a mosque, courtyard, library, and several other structures. The mosque is one of the largest in the world and can accommodate up to 700,000 worshippers at once. The golden dome of the shrine is a significant feature and a symbol of the city of Najaf.

The shrine has a rich history and has been the site of several significant events, including battles and sieges. The shrine has been rebuilt and renovated multiple times over the centuries, with the most recent major renovation taking place in the 1990s.

The Imam Ali Shrine is an important destination for Shia Muslims from all over the world who come to pay their respects to Ali ibn Abi Talib and to pray at the shrine. It is also a popular site for tourists who are interested in the history and architecture of the region.

Imam Ali Shrine

Azadi Tower, also known as the Freedom Tower, is a monument and symbol of Tehran, Iran. It was built in 1971 in commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of the Persian Empire. The tower is located in Azadi Square, the largest square in Tehran, and stands at a height of 45 meters (148 feet) with eight floors above ground and five floors below ground.

The tower was designed by Iranian architect Hossein Amanat, who was a student at the time of the competition for the design of the tower. The inspiration for the design of the tower comes from pre-Islamic and Islamic architecture, including the Achaemenid and Sassanid architectural styles. The tower is constructed of white marble and is adorned with reliefs and inscriptions that reflect the history and culture of Iran.

The main feature of the tower is the large central arched chamber, which is flanked by two smaller arches on each side. The central chamber contains a museum that showcases artifacts and exhibits related to Iranian history and culture. The tower also houses a library, a conference center, and a restaurant.

Azadi Tower has become one of the most famous landmarks of Tehran and is a popular tourist destination in the city. The tower has been featured in many movies, music videos, and TV shows, and has become a symbol of Iranian identity and pride.

Azadi Tower

Erbil Citadel, also known as the Citadel of Erbil, is a fortified historic settlement located in the center of the city of Erbil in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It has been inhabited for over 5,000 years, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

The citadel is located on a 30-meter-high mound, which was formed by the accumulation of layers of debris from successive civilizations that built their cities on top of each other. The current citadel was built during the Abbasid period in the 8th century CE, but it has been extensively restored and renovated over the centuries.

The citadel has a unique architectural style that reflects the diverse cultural influences that have shaped the city over the centuries, including Islamic, Persian, and Ottoman styles. The buildings are made of mud bricks and feature distinctive arches, domes, and intricate tilework.

In 2014, the citadel was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site, as it represents a remarkable example of urban continuity, cultural diversity, and architectural heritage. The site has also undergone significant restoration and preservation efforts in recent years to ensure its survival for future generations. Today, the citadel is a popular tourist attraction and a symbol of the rich cultural heritage of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Erbil Citadel

Agha Bozorg Mosque is a historic mosque located in the city of Kashan, Iran. The mosque was built in the late 18th century during the Qajar dynasty by the architect Ustad Haj Sa'ban-ali. It is considered as one of the most beautiful mosques of the 19th century in Iran.

The mosque complex includes a main prayer hall, a large courtyard, a portico with a tiled dome, and a madrasa. The main prayer hall is rectangular in shape with a beautiful turquoise dome, decorated with intricate stucco and tilework. The walls of the hall are also adorned with colorful tiles and calligraphy.

The mosque's courtyard is also decorated with beautiful tilework and has a central pool surrounded by trees and flowerbeds. The portico on the eastern side of the courtyard is one of the most attractive parts of the mosque complex, with its beautiful dome and arches decorated with tilework and stucco.

The mosque's madrasa, located on the northern side of the courtyard, has small rooms arranged around a central courtyard. The rooms were used as living quarters for students of Islamic theology and scholars.

Overall, Agha Bozorg Mosque is a beautiful example of Persian Islamic architecture and a must-visit site for those interested in history and architecture.

Agha Bozorg Mosque

Gali Ali Bag is a historical complex located in the city of Tabriz in northwestern Iran. The complex consists of a series of interconnected buildings, courtyards, gardens, and pavilions built during the Qajar dynasty in the 19th century. It was commissioned by Ali Khan Vali, a wealthy merchant and philanthropist, and was designed as a place for cultural and social gatherings.

The complex features traditional Persian architecture with elements of European and Russian styles. The main building, known as the Ali Khan Vali mansion, has two floors and is decorated with intricate stucco work, mirror work, and tile work. Other notable buildings within the complex include the Sardar mansion, which was used for administrative purposes, and the Vakil Al-Molk mansion, which was used for private ceremonies and events.

The complex also includes several gardens and courtyards, including the Badgir garden, which features a windcatcher tower that provides natural ventilation to the surrounding rooms. There is also a large pond in the center of the complex, which was used for recreation and entertainment.

Gali Ali Bag

The Tyre Necropolis, also known as the Necropolis of Tyre, is an ancient Phoenician cemetery located in the southern part of the city of Tyre in Lebanon. The necropolis dates back to the Roman era and was in use from the 2nd century BCE to the 4th century CE.

The site consists of a large number of rock-cut tombs, many of which are decorated with intricate carvings and inscriptions. The tombs vary in size and complexity, with some containing multiple chambers and others featuring elaborate facades.

The necropolis is particularly notable for its sarcophagi, which are among the finest examples of ancient Phoenician funerary art. Many of the sarcophagi are carved from local limestone and feature intricate reliefs depicting scenes from the lives of the deceased.

The Tyre Necropolis was rediscovered in the early 20th century and has been the subject of numerous archaeological studies and excavations. In 1984, it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the "Tyre and its Necropolis" ensemble, which includes the city's ancient ruins and the surrounding necropolis.

Tyre Necropolis

Sahyun Castle, also known as Mons Peregrinus, is a medieval castle located in the Hama Governorate of Syria. It was built by the Crusaders in the early 12th century, and was strategically located on the top of a hill overlooking the surrounding landscape.

The castle was constructed by the Knights Hospitaller, who used it as a stronghold for their operations in the region. It was also used as a refuge for the local Christian population during times of war and conflict.

Sahyun Castle is considered to be one of the best-preserved Crusader castles in the Middle East, with its walls and towers still largely intact. The castle is also known for its impressive moat, which is cut into the solid rock of the hill on which the castle stands.

In the 13th century, the castle fell into the hands of the Muslim Ayyubid dynasty, who made some modifications to the structure. It later passed into the hands of the Mamluk Sultanate, who used it as a military base.

Today, Sahyun Castle is a popular tourist destination in Syria, attracting visitors from all over the world who come to marvel at its impressive architecture and learn about its rich history. Despite being damaged during the Syrian Civil War, the castle remains an important symbol of the country's cultural heritage.

Sahyun castle

The Aleppo Citadel is a fortified palace in the center of the ancient city of Aleppo, Syria. It is one of the oldest and largest castles in the world, dating back to the 3rd millennium BC. The citadel sits atop a 50-meter high hill, providing a strategic location for controlling the surrounding areas.

The citadel has had many different occupants throughout its history, including the Hittites, Assyrians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, and Ottomans. Each group made their own contributions to the citadel, adding new walls, towers, and other fortifications.

The most prominent feature of the citadel is the massive 13th-century entrance gate, which is flanked by two massive towers. Inside the citadel, visitors can see the remains of ancient palaces, a mosque, a bathhouse, and other structures. There is also a museum with exhibits detailing the history of the citadel and the surrounding area.

The Aleppo Citadel has faced significant damage during the Syrian Civil War, with parts of it being destroyed or heavily damaged by shelling and fighting. However, restoration efforts are currently underway to repair and preserve the historic site.

Aleppo citadel

The St. John the Baptist Church, also known as the Church of the Crusaders, is a historic church located in the ancient coastal city of Byblos, in Lebanon. It is believed to have been built during the 12th century by the Crusaders as part of the defense system for the city.

The church is characterized by its well-preserved architectural style, featuring two aisles and a nave, with a central apse and several lateral chapels. The church's façade is decorated with sculpted figures and stone reliefs depicting various religious scenes, while the interior features intricate stone carvings and frescoes.

The church has undergone several renovations and restorations over the centuries, with the most recent being in the mid-20th century. Today, it serves as a popular tourist attraction and a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of Byblos.

St John the Baptist Church in Byblos

Krak des Chevaliers is a medieval fortress located in the Homs Governorate of Syria, approximately 40 km west of Homs and 180 km north of Damascus. It was built by the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, also known as the Knights Hospitaller, in the 12th century AD.

The castle is situated on a hilltop and is surrounded by a deep moat, making it difficult for attackers to approach. It was strategically positioned along the route between the Mediterranean coast and the interior of Syria, and served as a key stronghold for the Crusaders during their campaigns in the Holy Land.

The castle is a remarkable example of medieval military architecture, with its massive walls, towers, and moat. It has undergone numerous renovations and additions over the centuries, including the addition of a chapel and several other buildings within its walls.

The castle was occupied by various powers over the centuries, including the Mamluks, the Ottomans, and the French during their mandate over Syria. Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular tourist attraction, visited by thousands of people every year.

Krak des Chevaliers

Bekhal waterfall is a natural attraction located in the mountainous northern part of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, near the town of Rawandiz in Erbil Governorate. The waterfall is formed by the Bekhal stream, which flows through a steep rocky gorge before dropping approximately 35 meters into a pool below. The area around the waterfall is surrounded by lush greenery and is a popular spot for hiking and picnicking.

Visitors can reach the waterfall by hiking along a trail that begins at the town of Bekhal, located about 4 km from Rawandiz. The trail is relatively easy and takes about 30 minutes to hike. The waterfall can also be accessed by car or taxi, with a short walk from the parking area to the falls.

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